[1109] Nuxt webpack error in browser only, not during build

This looks like something with my project specifically (a new empty nuxt project does work), but I am a bit lost and after looking for 2 days I dont know anymore. Hopefully somebody here can put me on the right track.

The issue is that building my project works fine, e.g. after npm run dev I have the following output (using vue version 2.3.4):

DONE  Compiled successfully in 463ms
> Open http://0.0.0.0:3000
nuxt:render Rendering url / +6s

But in my browser I receive the following error:

Nuxt.js Error:

TypeError: __webpack_require__.i(...) is not a function
    at Object.module.exports.Object.defineProperty.value (~/babel-runtime/helpers/typeof.js:13:63)
    at __webpack_require__ (webpack:/webpack/bootstrap 32d2034bb6fb3978fa81:25:0)
    at Object.<anonymous> (server-bundle.js:480:122)
    at __webpack_require__ (webpack:/webpack/bootstrap 32d2034bb6fb3978fa81:25:0)
    at Object.module.exports.__webpack_exports__.a (server-bundle.js:1290:66)
    at __webpack_require__ (webpack:/webpack/bootstrap 32d2034bb6fb3978fa81:25:0)
    at Object.<anonymous> (server-bundle.js:1881:65)
    at __webpack_require__ (webpack:/webpack/bootstrap 32d2034bb6fb3978fa81:25:0)
    at server-bundle.js:95:18
    at Object.<anonymous> (server-bundle.js:98:10)
    at evaluateModule (/var/www/nuxt/node_modules/vue-server-renderer/build.js:5820:21)
    at /var/www/nuxt/node_modules/vue-server-renderer/build.js:5878:18
    at Promise (<anonymous>)
    at /var/www/nuxt/node_modules/vue-server-renderer/build.js:5870:14
    at Nuxt.renderToString (/var/www/nuxt/node_modules/vue-server-renderer/build.js:6022:9)
    at P (/var/www/nuxt/node_modules/nuxt/node_modules/pify/index.js:49:6)

I have removed node_modules already and re-installed all dependencies from scratch but that doesnt help. Any ideas where I should be looking?